边防专业英语

边防专业英语

必考词汇：

border management (control) (security) 边防管理

al-Qaeda 基地组织

the Pentagon 五角大楼

US administration 美国当局

Department of State 美国

fundamentalism 原教旨主义

separation of religion and state 政教分离

political activism 政治激进主义

illegal associations 非法结社

constitutionality 合宪性

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自我复习资料之边防专业英语

illegal immigration 非法移民

source country 来源国

Homeland Security Department 国土安全局

Justice Department 司法部

Border Patrol 边境巡逻队

Intelligence agencies 情报

Social Security 社保

Transnational organized crime syndicates 有组织犯罪集团

genocide/ war crimes/ crimes against human /aggression 灭绝种族罪 战争罪 罪 侵略

state party 缔约国

arms embargo 武器禁运

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自我复习资料之边防专业英语

Islamic Conference 大会

African Union 非盟

Arab nations 阿拉伯国家

Universalism 普世主义

Trafficking in persons 贩运人口

Repatriation 遣返

Protocol 议定书

General Assembly 联合国大会

Convention 公约

Illegal entry 非法入境

Accomplice 共犯

文章：

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自我复习资料之边防专业英语

Spanish Efforts to Put An End to Terrorism in the Basque Country

Origins and evolution of the Basque Conflict 巴斯克起源和演化的冲突

As a cultural region, the Basque Country (Euskal Herria) constitutes an ensemble of seven territories located in the European Western Pyreness, on the Biscay Gulfˊs shore. Over three million inhabitants live in these territories that cover an extension of approximately 206 squared kilometers.

作为一个城市的文化区域,在巴斯克国家(Euskal Herria)构成一套七领土位于欧洲西部Pyreness,海湾ˊ年代比斯开湾岸边。三百万多万居民住在这些地区的延伸,占地约206平方公里。

The Basquesˊhistory is an ancient one. According to the most learned historians, Basque is one of the most ancient ethnics in Europe and the Basque language is considered a pre-indoeuropean language whose origins are still very much discussed. Historically, Navarra was a very important Kingdom and under Sancho Ⅲ its influence covered much more than all the Basque territories. Nevertheless, upon his death in 1035 his Kingdom was distributed among his heirs and, notwithstanding their cultural and linguistic links, from that point onward, the Basque territories were never formed nor integrated into a political unity.

巴斯克人ˊ历史是一个古老的一个。根据最有学问的历史学家,巴斯克是其中一个最古老

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自我复习资料之边防专业英语

的民族,在欧洲和巴斯克人语言都被看作是语言的起源pre-indoeuropean仍很讨论。从历史上看,那是一个很重要的王国的影响下,Ⅲ卡斯蒂尔覆盖更多的巴斯克地区比。然而,在他死后1035年,他的王国在他的继承人和分布,尽管他们的文化和语言的链接,从那时开始,巴斯克地区也从来没有形成集合到一个政治上的统一。

Recent origins of the Basque political conflict are found in the long and difficult transition, particularly in Spain, from the Ancien Regime to a liberal and constitutional system, In fact,since the 18th century, the permanent questioning of the rights of the Basque provinces provoked a progressive reinforcement of the Basque national feeling. Politically, the last two century of nationalism, different attempts to assimilate Navarra and the other Basque territories with the other Spanish provinces always found a very strong popular opposition and led to intermediate solutions that were never completely accepted by any of both sides.

最近的起源中都发现了巴斯克政治冲突而漫长的困难的转变,尤其是在西班牙,从前政权一个自由宪政,事实上,因为18th世纪,永久的质疑巴斯克省权利的一个循序渐进的加固惹巴斯克民族感情。在政治上,最后两个世纪的民族主义,不同的试图同化和其他巴斯克地区那和其他西班牙省总是发现一个非常强大的受欢迎的反对,导致中间的解决方案,从来没有完全接受任何的两边。

Under the Constitution of the Second Republic, established in 1931, Spanish nationalities and regions could benefit of a political autonomy. Thus, after the approval of the Catalan Statue, in 1936 the first Autonomy Statute for the Basque Country gave way to the establishment of the first provisional Government of

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Euzkadi. Although a provision opened the way to the participation of Navarra, the 1936 Statute did not in the end include Navarra. In any case, the military upraising had already taken place and military rebels won the Civil War after three years, lead by General Franco. General Franco, acting as a Dictator, maintained the Fueros in Navarra and Alava, who had supported him during the war, but declared the provinces of Bizkaia ang Gipuzkoa, where the Basque Nationalists had a greater influence, as betrayers.

在第二共和国,成立于1931年,西班牙民族和地区能受益的政治自治。因此,当批准的加泰罗尼亚的雕像,1936年第一届自治条例让位给巴斯克国家设立了第一个Euzkadi临时。尽管规定大开那的参与,1936年的法令没有最后包括那。在任何情况下,军事upraising已经发生和军事叛军赢得内战三年后,弗朗哥将军带领。弗朗哥将军,作为一个者,维护了Fueros和Alava在那,在战争中支持他,但是他却宣称省和Gipuzkoa Bizkaia,那里有更大的影响力巴斯克民族主义者,叛徒。

Franco Regime and the Birth of the ETA 佛朗哥政权和组织“埃塔”的诞生 The political repression in Spain during the Franco regime was immense and specifically focused on popular and nationalist movement; thus, in the Basque against the passivity of the traditional Basque nationalism and in 1959 a group of Basque students, dissident to EKIN, created Euskadi Ta Askatasuna to assure the defense of the Basque language, Euskera, and the Basque ethnic, as well as to fight

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自我复习资料之边防专业英语

against Spain and to support the independence of the seven Basque territories. In 1961, the ETA committed its first violent action in the attempted derailment of a train occupied by Franco sympathizers travelling to San Sebastian to celebrate its First Assembly as the Basque Revolutionary Movement of National Freedom, a revolutionary and clandestine organization that adopted armed struggle as its main vehicle for achieving Euskadi independence.

在西班牙的政治在佛朗哥政权是巨大的,而特别聚焦在流行和民族主义运动的;因此,在巴斯克人反对的消极巴斯克民族主义传统,并且在1959年一群巴斯克学生,者对EKIN,创造了Euskadi Ta Askatasuna保证的防御巴斯克语言,Euskera,巴斯克民族,以及对抗西班牙和支持的七个巴斯克地区。1961年,首次ETA犯暴力行为,企图占领一列火车脱轨佛朗哥同情者前往圣塞巴斯蒂安庆祝了它的第一个组件看作是巴斯克运动的国家自由、和秘密组织武装斗争作为其主要采用车辆实现Euskadi。

In 1969, the Burgos Military Process sentenced nine ETA activists to the death penalty, This provoked a strong international opposition forcing Franco to commute them. This important military process thrust the ETA into worldwide recognition. Under Ftanco`s regime, the most spectacular action of the ETA involved the killing of Admiral Carrero Blanco, the President of the Spanish Government in 1973. In 1974, the ETA assassinated 12 civilians and wounded more that 80 in its first massive attack in Madrid. This attack provoked a division in the ETA among those favorable to the popular insurrection, ETA military, and the members of ETA politico-militar that accepted only selective violence, as practiced until 1974.

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自我复习资料之边防专业英语

1969年,军事审判过程判处九埃塔举行活动人士,死刑,这引发了强大的国际反对佛朗哥通勤迫使他们。这个重要的军事审判过程把ETA在全世界的认可。Ftanco政权下,最壮观的行动涉及杀害上将埃塔Carrero布兰科,西班牙的总统在1973年。1974年,埃塔12名平民和受伤遇刺身亡,80年在其第一个大规模的攻击在马德里。这次袭击引发一场分工在有利埃塔民变,埃塔军事、成员,只接受politico-militar埃塔选择性暴力,作为练习,直至1974年。

The Effects of Pardons and Amnesties 谈到赦免和赦免的影响

Legal Developments on Terrorism within the Spanish Democracy 对恐怖主义的法律发展在西班牙的民主

Many reforms were introduced during the Spanish transition regarding the legal treatment of terrorism. Until then, terrorist offenses were exclusively

contained in the Code of Military Justice and prosecuted before military tribunals. During the political transition to Democracy, the offenses were transferred to the Penal Code in 1977 and initially treated as ordinary crimes. Nevertheless, in 1979 and particularly in 1981, new offences concerning association in armed bands and the favoring of terrorism were introduced into the Penal Code. In1984, a special Act was approved to refund and complement the whole and disperse legal and procedural legislation on terrorism, outside of the Penal Code and of the Code of Penal Procedure. These new provisions were later, in 1988, reintegrated into the

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自我复习资料之边防专业英语

Penal Code and the Code of Penal Procedure. The approval of the 1995 new Penal Code did not put an end to the legal reforms in this field. On the contrary, reforms appeared, and continue to appear, periodically with the purpose of extending the incriminations and establishing harsher punishments, as it was specifically recognized in 2003.

介绍了许多改革在西班牙过渡的法律处理关于恐怖主义。直到那时,恐怖主义犯罪是专有地包含在代码的军事正义和军事法庭起诉。在民主政治过渡,罪就被转移到刑法中最初在1977年和年当作普通犯罪。然而,在1979年,特别是在1981年,新的犯罪论协会在武装乐队和恐怖主义的决定性的刑法中引进了。总量,一个特别的行动是批准退款和补充,整个和分散的法律和程序立法对恐怖主义,在刑法和刑事程序的代码。这些新规定,以后,在1988年重新并入了“刑法和刑事程序的代码。1995年批准新刑法典没有结束在这一领域的法律改革。相反,改革出现了,并继续出现,定期的目的是扩大incriminations并建立更加严厉的处罚,因为它被明确地承认在2003年。

Nowadays, like in many other countries, Spanish anti-terrorist criminal legislation constitutes “a typical example of emergency legislation”. Diversion from the general rules concerning incriminations and sanctions are the principal characteristics of this legislation that is devoted to assure a firm answer to terrorism in the criminal and penitentiary frame. This is done by advancing the moment of penal intervention, expanding incriminations, increasing punishments and their execution, even with respet to minors and juveniles, combining sentences with mitigation measures, giving increased power to the prosecutorial and enforcement instance and restricting procedural guarantees. Although history

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has repeatedly taught “that when the rule of law is replaced by the rule of might, civilization regresses and the social costs increase far beyond the temporary in recent times, by a decided extension of pressure on the Izquierda abertzale by the way of new penal and non-penal legal reform: in particular, the new legislation on Political Parties that established a “new perspective in the fight against terrorism”; at the same time a new trend of case law, led by the Audiencia Nacional, decided to extend the concept of terrorism to the social and political groups that operate in the “grey zone”, even if their behavior does not involve violence directly.

如今,像许多其他国家一样,西班牙反恐刑事立法构成“一种典型的紧急立法”。注意力从一般规则涉及incriminations、制裁是其中的主要特点是专门立法,来确保一个坚定的回答对恐怖主义犯罪和监狱的框架。这是由推进时刻刑罚的干预,扩大incriminations,增加处罚,他们的执行,即使有respet青少年未成年人,结合句子与缓解措施,给增加权力制约检察和执行程序实例,并保证。虽然历史一再教”,当法治的规则将取代,文明regresses增加社会成本远远超出了近年来临时,决定延期的压力abertzale Izquierda走新型刑事司法改革和non-penal:特别是,新立法对政党也建立了一个新的视角对打击恐怖主义”;同时出现的一个新趋势的判例法的率领下,Audiencia Nacional,决定延长恐怖主义的概念对社会和政治团体经营的“灰色地带”,即使他们的行为不涉及暴力直接。

Attempts Towards a Negociated Resolution of ETA`s terrorism 商谈试图解决的恐怖主义组织“埃塔”

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自我复习资料之边防专业英语

First Political Pacts(1987-1988) 第一个政治协定(1987 - 1988)(政党法)

Since the middle of the 1980`s, strengthening political cohesion and social rejection of terrorism has been a recurrent thematic purpose of democratic political parties in Spain. Already on November 5, 1987, after the ETA`s indiscriminate attack of Hipercor, in Barcelona, where 21 persons died, an important Pact was signed in Madrid, denouncing the ETA`s illegitimacy to represent the Basque Country , rejecting the negotiation of political issues with the ETA and requiring the ETA to abandon their weapons and respect democratic ways. This Pact was followed by the Pact of Ajuria Enea, approved in the Basque Country after the publication of the Report demanded by the Basque Government to an International Experts` Commission, and the Agreement in Favor of Peace and Tolerance. The Pact of Ajuria Enea was signed by all the Basque groups

represented in the Basque Parliament, except Herri Batasuna. The pact of Ajuria Enea aimed at rejecting violence, affirming the unity of all the democratic parties in the defense of the Statute of Autonomy of the Basque Country , its full

development and declaring the leadership of the Basque Government concerning the political and social action against violence and to achieve peace. The Pact left an open door to favor the reinsertion of those who dissociated and, also, to uphold dialogue between the State and terrorists to find a final solution to the violence.

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自我复习资料之边防专业英语

自1980年代中期,加强政治凝聚力和社会拒绝恐怖主义一直以来一个经常性的主题目的民主政党在西班牙。已1987年11月5日是一种不加区别的攻击后Hipercor埃塔的巴塞罗那,在那里21人死亡,有一个重要的协议签署了在马德里,谴责了ETA的私生子代表巴斯克的国家,拒绝谈判的政治问题,需要多久埃塔放弃他们的武器和尊重民主的方式。紧随其后的是这个协议的条约Enea Ajuria批准后在巴斯克国家出版的报告要求在巴斯克国际专家委员会及协议的支持和平和宽容。这个协议的签署Ajuria Enea代表所有的巴斯克组的巴斯克议会,Herri Batasuna除外。这个协议的Enea Ajuria旨在反对暴力,确认所有的民主党派团结的辩护自治条例巴斯克人的国家。它的全面发展和申报巴斯克有关领导的政治和社会行动反对暴力,才能实现和平。这个协定左一扇开着的门利于复验那些分离、以及维护国家和之间的对话,去找一个最终解决暴力。

Algiers Talks and Other Intentions of the Socialist Government 阿尔及尔会谈和其他意图的社会主义

The “Democratic Alternative” and Further Efforts by the Socialist Government “民主替代”和进一步的努力下,社会主义

Trafficking, Smuggling, and Human Rights

In recent years, the smuggling of human beings across international borders has grown rapidly. A small-scale cross border activity affecting a handful of countries has become a multimillion-dollar activity that is global in scope.

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自我复习资料之边防专业英语

近年来,走私人类穿越国界发展迅速。一个小型活动影响少数的几个国家已成为一个耗资数百万美元的活动是全球的范围。

Information about human smuggling — the numbers of people smuggled, the conditions that they endure in transit and their treatment on arrival — is patchy at best. It is currently estimated that some 800,000 people are smuggled across borders every year. These figures mask the complex and various experiences of the men, women, and children caught up in such processes. Those who are smuggled include political refugees, those fleeing conflict and violence of various kinds, and economic migrants in search of a better life.

的信息——许多人走私的条件,在运输途中,他们忍受和处理抵达-只是一鳞半爪的。目前估计有大约800000人每年走私跨越国界。这些数据显示出复杂、各种场合的男人、女人和孩子被这样的过程。那些走私包括政治难民,那些逃离冲突和暴力的各种各样,经济移民寻找一个更好的生活。

This is by nature a secretive, illicit activity, and one that is increasingly controlled by transnational organized crime syndicates. What little we do hear, however, gives ample cause for human rights concerns — numerous press articles describe cases of migrants drowning in unsafe vessels or suffocating to death in overcrowded truck compartments and ships, or being victimized for revealing information about smuggling gangs.

这是一个隐秘天性,非法行为,另一个是组织越来越强的控制犯罪集团。我们很少听

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自我复习资料之边防专业英语

见什么,然而,给予充分的问题原因——许多出版社文章描述的移民淹死在不安全的情况下船舶、窒息死在拥挤的卡车车厢和船,或牺牲品,揭示信息对走私团伙。

Many of those who do reach their destination find themselves locked in cycles of violence, exploitation, and abuse. These violations tend to go unreported because the victims fear arrest and deportation on one hand, and retribution by smuggling gangs on the other.

许多人做到达目的地发现自己锁在周期的暴力、剥削、和虐待。这些侵害会没有恐惧,因为受害者逮捕和驱逐出境,一方面藉由走私团伙,报复。

The spread of human smuggling needs to be understood in the context of globalization and migration. Since 1965, the number of international migrants has doubled to some 175 million persons at the turn of the millennium. Prospects of a better life abroad, poverty, economic marginalization, political and social unrest, and conflict are all incentives to move.

的传播需要理解全球化的语境中,迁移。自1965年以来,国际移民的数量已经增加了一倍,有1.75亿人在接下来的年。一个更好的海外生活的前景、贫困、经济边缘化、政治和社会动荡和冲突都是激励移动。

In an increasingly interconnected world, movement is easier. As push and pull factors encourage increasing numbers of people to migrate, these individuals in turn collide with the many legal obstacles to entry that industrialized countries have put in place.

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自我复习资料之边防专业英语

在一个日益相互连结的世界,运动更容易。为推动因素鼓励越来越多的移民,这些个体反过来碰撞与许多法律障碍,工业发达国家相继进入到位。

However, opportunities to immigrate legally are severely limited. Migrants, including asylum seekers, have increasingly resorted to illegal entry and unauthorized stays, and ever-larger numbers use the services of smugglers to evade the system, compounding their vulnerability to exploitation and ill treatment.

然而,机会合法移民是非常有限。移民,包括难民已经越来越多地采取非法入境或未经授权的停留,不断加大编号使用我们的服务的走私者回避制度、添加他们的弱点剥削和病的治疗。

Human Rights and the Definitions of Smuggling and Trafficking和走私、贩卖的定义

Despite the plethora of human rights concerns associated with human smuggling, it is in fact the law enforcement imperative — the war against terrorism, narcotics, and irregular migration — that have moved this issue up the international policy agenda.

尽管大量的问题伴随着人类走私,它实际上是执法必须-反对恐怖主义的战争、贩毒、不规则的迁移,这可以搬这个问题国际议程。

In 2000, states drafted two new protocols to the UN Convention on

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Transnational Organized Crime (UN TOC) dealing with trafficking and smuggling respectively. The Trafficking and Smuggling Protocols, more commonly known as the Palermo Protocols, came into force on December 23, 2003 and January 28, 2004 respectively.

在2000年,美国的两个新协议起草《联合国海洋法公约》组织犯罪(联合国TOC)处理交易和走私的分别。交易和走私的协议,更普遍的被称为巴勒莫的协议,生效于2003年12月23日和1月28日,2004人次。

The Palermo Protocols are framed around a central dichotomy between coerced and consensual irregular migrants. Whereas people who are trafficked are assumed not to have given their consent and are considered to be \"victims or \"survivors,\" people who are smuggled are considered to have willingly engaged in a criminal enterprise. There is also a gender dimension to these distinctions: whereas those who are smuggled are mostly assumed to be men, victims of trafficking are associated with the traditional targets of protective concern — women and children.

巴勒莫的协议框架在的内在矛盾强迫合意不规则的移民。而被贩卖的假设不给征得他们的同意,并被认为是“受害者”或“幸存者”走私的人都被认为拥有自愿从事犯罪企业。也有一种社会性别视角对这些区别:而那些走私大多是假设是男人,人口贩运受害者方面的目标相联系的传统保护的关注——妇女和儿童。

Trafficking 16

自我复习资料之边防专业英语

The UN TOC Convention brought to a close decades of frustrating and inward-looking debate about the distinction between human trafficking and human smuggling. Trafficking is defined as:

....the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of persons, by means of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitation. Exploitation shall include, at a minimum, the exploitation of the prostitution of others or other forms of sexual exploitation, forced labour or services, slavery or practices similar to slavery, servitude or the removal of organs. ...The consent of a victim of trafficking in persons to the intended exploitation... shall be irrelevant where any of the means set forth (above) have been used. The recruitment, transportation, transfers... of a child for the purpose of exploitation shall be considered 'trafficking in persons\" even if this does not involve any of the means set forth (above).

联合国大会结束带来TOC数十年的令人沮丧的争论,有些之间的区别和人口贩卖。交易的定义是:

.... 招聘、运输、转让、窝藏和接受的人,通过使用或威胁使用暴力或其他形式的强制、绑架、欺诈、欺骗、滥用权力或仓位的弱点或发出或收到付款或利益达到一个人同意掌握另一个人,为了剥削。开发应包括,即使在最小程度上,利用卖淫别人或其他形式的性别剥削,强迫劳动或服务,蓄奴或类似于奴隶制度实践、奴役或消除器官。…甲方同意人口贩卖的受

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自我复习资料之边防专业英语

害者计划开发…应在任何无关的手段提出(以上)已被使用。招聘、运输、转移…一个孩子的目的是为了开发应视为“贩卖人口”,即使这并不包括任何手段提出(如上图所示)。

This definition of coercion is expansive, reflecting perhaps the concerted input and interest of the human rights and feminist lobbies in the drafting of this protocol (an interest that was less evident in the Smuggling Protocol).

这个定义勉强是广阔的,反映出共同的输入和兴趣也许和女权主义的游说起草这个协议(一个兴趣明显少了走私协议)。

Coercion is not simply brute physical force, or even mental domination, but includes \"the abuse of a position of vulnerability.\" This can potentially encompass a very broad range of situations, since poverty, hunger, illness, lack of education, and displacement could all constitute a position of vulnerability. Whether a particular arrangement constitutes \"abuse\" may be as much a question of assessing the market or \"going\" rate for pricing a particular migration service as of characterizing a personal interaction.

强迫不仅仅是蛮体力,甚至心理支配,但包括“滥用位置的脆弱性。“这可能包含一个非常广泛的情况,因为贫穷、饥饿、疾病、缺乏教育及位移的位置都可以构成一个弱点。特别安排是否构成“滥用”可能是一个问题的评估一样市场或“走”收费定价问题的一个特定的移民服务的个人特征的相互作用。

Second, the trafficking definition requires exploitation, but exploitation itself is undefined. However, the trafficking definition does include exploitative actions,

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such as prostitution of others, as well as a range of non-sexual labor relationships that are \"practices similar to slavery\" such as indentured or bonded labor, child labor, or oppressive forms of labor. It is agnostic on whether prostitution itself constitutes exploitation, reflecting the deeply polarized views within UN Member States on the topic.

第二,人口贩卖定义需要利用,但开发本身是未定义的。然而,《人口贩卖定义确实包括剥削行为,诸如卖淫别人,以及一系列的无性的劳动关系,是“实践类似于奴隶制”等劳动契约、保税、童工、或压迫形式的劳动。这是不可知论者在卖淫本身是否构成剥削,这反映了极化的观点深深在联合国会员国的话题。

In sum, the protocol's critical ingredients for trafficking in persons are the presence of exploitation and the fact of coercion. Cross-border transport of the trafficked person is not required, provided the offense is \"transnational in nature\" as defined in the UN TOC (Article 4).

总之,此协议的关键成分是贩卖人口的存在事实的剥削和压迫。跨境运输中的贩卖人并不是必需的,提供了进攻是“性质的确定的联合国TOC(第4条)。

Smuggling

In contrast, the term \"smuggling\consensual transactions where the transporter and the transportee agree to circumvent immigration control for mutually advantageous reasons. The Smuggling Protocol defines \"smuggling of migrants\" as:

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\"the procurement, in order to obtain, directly or indirectly, a financial or other material benefit, of the illegal entry of a person into a State Party of which the person is not a national or a permanent resident\" (Article 3).

相反,术语“走私\遵循一般的实践,是指交易双方的地方和transportee运输车同意移民控制规避互利的原因。走私议定书界定“走私移民”如:

“采购,为了获得直接或间接金融或其他物质利益,一个人走进非法入境的签署国,人不是一种国家或永久居民”(第三条)。

The two critical ingredients of this definition are illegal border crossing by the smuggled person and receipt of a material benefit by the smuggler.

这两个关键成分这个定义是非法的边境走私的人,接受实惠的走私犯。

贩运人口定义： “Trafficking in persons” shall mean the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of persons, by means of the threat or use or force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitation. Exploitation shall include, at a minimum, the exploitation of the prostitution of others or other forms of sexual exploitation, forced labour or services, slavery or practices similar to slavery, servitude or the removal of organs.

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“人口贩卖”是指招聘、运输、转让、窝藏和接受的人,通过使用或威胁使用武力或或其他形式的强制、绑架、欺诈、欺骗、滥用权力或仓位的弱点或发出或收到付款或利益达到一个人同意掌握另一个人,为了剥削。开发应包括,即使在最小程度上,利用卖淫别人或其他形式的性别剥削,强迫劳动或服务,蓄奴或类似于奴隶制度实践、奴役或消除器官。

偷运移民定义： “Smuggling of migrants” shall mean the procurement, in order to obtain, directly or indirectly, a financial or other material benefit, of the illegal entry of a person into a State Party of which the person is not a national or a permanent resident.

“走私移民”是指采购,为了获得直接或间接的,财务或其他物质利益,一个人走进非法入境的签署国,人不是一种国家或永久居民。

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