动词用法大全

时态：高考常见的8种时态。关键记忆构成不同时态的时间状语（如last, yesterday用一般过去式）

主动语态 常见时态的被动语态的构成 语态 被动语态（be done） 非谓语动词得被动语态构成

一般语气（陈述语气）= 常见时态的构成

感叹句（感叹名词、形容词）

是动词要考虑 It is/was +被强调部分+that/who+从句 语气 助动词（相应时态）+动词原形

强调句 I do care about your feeling.(我的确在乎你的感受)

倒装句

If 引导的条件状语从句

虚拟语气 一坚持；二命令；三建议；四要求；外加recommend, urge

特殊句式中虚拟语气如何变化谓语动词

to do：目的，将来 主语，宾语，定语，表语，状语，补语

doing:主动，进行 主语，宾语，定语，表语，状语，补语 非谓语动词 done:被动，过去完成 表语，定语，状语，补语

引言：英语中语气、语态的变化都是通过动词变形实现的，所以掌握动词的变形举足轻重。切记：要把示意动词充当谓语和非谓语动词要分开，非谓语顾名思义已经不是谓语动词了，所以它的用法和变形与动词时态是不一样的！

记住：to do:目的，将来，具体行为

doing：主动，进行，一般行为

done:被动，完成，过去 1

动词用法

非谓语不定式(to do) 类型 目的，将来 动名词（现在分词） 过去分词 （doing）主动，进行 （done）过去，完成 充当句主语，宾语，定语，主语，宾语，定语，定语，状语，子成分 表语，状语，补语 表语，状语，补语 一般式 to do / to be done(被动) doing/ being done(被动) having done/ having been done(被动) 否定式 补语,表语 done to have done/ 完成式 to have been done Not to do Not doing Not done 非谓语动词（to do, doing ,done）句中充当得成分以及变形（务必牢记）：

下面我们分门别类的讨论不同结构及用法：

动名词（doing）作主语

1) Reading is an art.阅读是门艺术。 Seeing is believing.眼见为实。 改错：Play Taiji benefits our health. Playing Taiji benefits our health. （动词原形不能直接作主语，做主语要把动词名词化，变成doing或to do）

2) It is + no use, no good (fun, a great pleasure, a waste of time, a bore...)等名词+doing sth.

It is no use crying.哭没有用。 It is no good objecting.反对也没有用。 It is a great fun playing football．打篮球很有趣。

It is a waste of time trying to explain．设法解释是浪费时间。

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动词用法

3) It is + useless (nice, good，interesting, expensive等形容词)+ doing sth． It is useless speaking.光说没用。

It is nice seeing you again．真高兴又遇到了你。

It is good playing chess after supper．晚饭后弈棋挺好。 It is expensive running this car．开这种小车是浪费。

动词不定式（to do）作主语（具体的/个别的或将来的动作，多用不定式作主语）

To read this book is very interesting. To be a teacher is his dream.

动名词作宾语

1）只能跟动名词作宾语的动词有：

Suggest, finish, avoid, can’t help(禁不住)，mind, enjoy, require, practice, miss, excuse, pardon, advise, consider, keep, leave off, put off, keep on, give up + doing

eg. He tries to avoid making mistakes. The man missed being chose by that world-famous company. 2）begin, start, like, love, hate, propose, prefer, dislike, continue, want, need, stop, forget, remember, regret, try, delay, go on

doing (正在做的)（like, dislike, love + doing一般性的爱好） （go on, stop, continue + doing一件事情） +

to do （去做）（like, dislike, love + to do某次具体的动作）

（go on, stop, continue + to do两件事情）

切记：remember doing 做过 mean doing 意味着 try doing尝试着做 remember to do 去做 mean to do 打算做 try to do 试图做

forget doing忘记做过 regret doing 后悔做… forget to do忘记去做 regret to do后悔去做…

3）want, need, require表示“需要…”

want

物+ need + doing (=to be done) require

His clothes needed mending (to be mended). These young trees will require looking after.

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动词用法

动词不定式作宾语

Wish, hope, agree, ask, promise, decide, expect, manage, offer, pretend, plan, refuse, care, fail, afford, determine等 + to do.

Did you agree to go to the park yesterday afternoon? Everybody wishes to have good health.

动名词(现在分词)作表语

1) My job is teaching. His hobby is believing.

Our work is serving the people. （表示抽象的、一般的动作） 2) 现在分词作表语，表示主语的性质特征，译为“令人…”，常见的词有moving, amusing, astonishing, frightening, relaxing, shocking, worrying等。

eg. The news she brought us was very exciting.

动词不定式作表语

eg. Our work is to serve the people. (表示具体的、将来的某次动作) His dream is to travel across the wild island in the world. 动名词（doing） （a walking stick, boiling water, a falling leaf, a

sleeping baby） ---主动，进行

前置定语 过去分词（done）（a fallen leaf, a broken watch, boiled water, a

finished task） --- 被动，完成

动词不定式(to do) –（I have many letters to write. (to write many letters)

We have made a plan to learn from Lei

Feng.

That's the way to do it.） ---目的，将来

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动词用法

动名词（doing）the children playing the park

(the children who are playing the park) 后置定语

（本质上是省略了引导词 过去分词（done）a book written in 17 C

和系动词的定语从句） (a book which is written in 17 C)

动词不定式(to do) a building to be built next month

(a building which is to be built next month)

第一类：两动作由同一主语发出，把前面动作处理成分词引导状语从句。

现在分词doing 表示时间，原因，让步等状语。-----与主语是主动进行。 1.Being sick, he didn’t go to work. （原因状语）

2.Having no money, I borrowed some from Johan. （原因状语）

3.The Iraq War went on for months, killing a lot of ordinary people. （结果状语） 4.Seeing from the top of tower, I saw a beautiful city of Paris. （时间状语） 5.Walking along the bank, I met a friend. （时间状语）

6.They came into the classroom, singing and laughing. （伴随状语）

过去分词done 表示时间，让步等状语。---与主语是被动完成(过去)。 1.Given another chance, I’m sure I will be successful.

2.Seen from the top of the tower, Paris looks really beautiful. 3.Followed by a dog, the old man often takes a walk in the park.

动词不定式to do表示目的，将来状语作状语。---与主语是目的将来。 1.To finish the job on time, I have to hurry my steps.

2.To reach the airport to see my sister off, I have to take a lift.

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动词用法

第二类：前后句意不是同一个逻辑主语时，把前面表示时间、问题、天气、事物的名词或代词后的动词处理成分词引导状语从句：分词的主格结构。

1.The problem solved, he went back home. (问题被解决)

2.Time permitting, we will go outing this weekend. （时间允许）

3.The report having been read, a lively discussion began. （报告被读完）

动名词(doing)作补语 主动，进行 1） doing作宾补和前面的宾语其实形成逻辑上的主谓关系。

I found a bag lying on the ground. The boss kept the workers working the whole night. 4) 用doing形式作宾补的动词有：

a. 感官动词：see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, look at, listen to, 等。 I see him stealing money from the women. Can you smell anything burning?

注意：感官动词+宾语+ doing 动作正在进行 do （原形）动作完成 we heard the telephone ring. we heard the telephone ringing.

b. 使役性动词：have, set, keep, get, catch, leave, let, make I won’t have you doing that.我不能容忍你那么做。 I’m sorry to have keep you waiting.

动词不定式(to do)作宾补 目的，将来 1）“动词+宾语+（not） to do…”，这类动词有： advise，allow，ask，beg，cause，direct，encourage，expect，forbid，force，invite，order，permit，persuade，remind，request，require，teach，tell，want，warn等。

2）“动词+宾语+to be…”，这类动词有： consider，declare，discover，feel，find，suppose等。

I know him to be a liar. I suppose him to be away from home. 3）“动词+宾语+do…”, 这类动词有： feel，have，hear，let，make，notice，observe，see，watch等。还有两个词组：listen to，look at. 例如：

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动词用法

She won't let me do it. I heard her lock the door.

We watched the children play games.

注意:这类句子变为被动结构时，不定式前加to。 例如：

A child was seen to enter the building. She was often heard to sing this song.

3）help后的不定式可加to，也可不加to(美国人不加to时较多)，但被动结构中要加to。 例如： I'll help you(to) push the cart. 被动语态为：You'll be helped to push the cart.

4）“动词+介词短语+to do” I depend on you to do it. I am counting on you to help me through. 此类动词还有：shout to sb.to do，call on sb. to do，count on sb. to do，depend on sb. to do，wait for sb. to do等。

练习：

1.They knew her very well. They had seen her ___ up from childhood. (1988全国) A. grow B. grew C. was growing D.to grow 2.The teacher asked us ___ so much noise. (2003北京)

A. don't make B. not make C. not making D. not to make 3.My advisor encouraged ___ a summer course to improve my writing skills. (2004北京)

A. for me taking B.me taking C. for me to take D.me to take 4.The flu is believed ___ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat. (2004上海)

A. causing B. being caused C.to be caused D.to have caused 5. -Is Bob still performing？

-I'm afraid not. He is said ___ the stage already as he has become an official. (2005江苏)

A.to have left B.to leave C.to have been left D.to be left

6.The mother felt herself ___ cold and her hands trembled as she read the letter from the battlefield. (2006上海)

A. grow B. grown C.to grow D.to have grown

7.Energy drinks are not allowed ___ in Australia but are brought in from New Zealand. (2006上海)

A.to make B.to be made C.to have been made D.to be making

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动词用法

过去分词(done)作宾补 被动，过去 （1）表示感觉和心理状态 _感官_动词，

如：see, hear, watch, feel, think, find, notice, listen to A. I find my money stolen. B. He watched the balloon blown away. C. He was about to enter the hall when he heard his name called. 归纳：see, watch, hear, notice等感官动词用于下列句型的区别： see sb. doing：表示动作正在进行 see sb. do ：表一个完成的动作，强调动作发生的全过程 see sth. done：表示被动或完成。

4. I saw him __________ the window. I saw the window ___________.

A. open B. opening C. opened

(2)表示_“致使”意义的使役性动词， 如：_make, get, have, help, leave 过去分词用在“______ +宾语＋宾补”，这一结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系

练习：She can’t see the words on the blackboard, so she needs to have her eyes _____________(examine)

My brother had that door _________ (paint) last week.

I was wondering why they kept the door ________ (lock) for such a long time.

Helen had to shout to make herself__________ (hear) above the sound of the music.

（3）with的复合结构：with+宾语＋宾补 All afternoon he worked with the door locked. B. The thief was brought in with his hands tied behind his back.

练习： John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work_____________

(finish), he gladly accepted it.

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动词用法

With the task____________(finish), we had a happy weekend.

在这里，我们复习一下with复合结构：

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